Database Optimization Techniques

# Database Optimization Techniques Database performance is crucial for scalable applications. Here are proven techniques to optimize your database queries and improve overall performance. ## Indexing Strategies Proper indexing is the foundation of database performance: ```sql -- Create composite index CREATE INDEX idx_user_email_status ON users(email, status); -- Create partial index CREATE INDEX idx_active_users ON users(created_at) WHERE status = 'active'; ``` ## Query Optimization 1. **Use EXPLAIN**: Analyze query execution plans 2. **Avoid SELECT ***: Only select needed columns 3. **Use LIMIT**: Paginate large result sets 4. **Optimize WHERE clauses**: Put most selective conditions first ## Connection Pooling ```javascript const pool = new Pool({ max: 20, idleTimeoutMillis: 30000, connectionTimeoutMillis: 2000, }); ``` ## Caching Strategies 1. **Query Result Caching**: Cache frequently accessed data 2. **Application-level Caching**: Use Redis or Memcached 3. **Database Query Plans**: Cache execution plans These techniques can dramatically improve your application's performance and user experience.